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Class 10 → Science → Chapter 6: Control and Coordination
I. Chapter Summary
The chapter Control and Coordination explains how living organisms respond to stimuli and maintain proper functioning of the body. It covers coordination in animals through the nervous system and endocrine system, and coordination in plants through plant hormones. The chapter highlights reflex actions, brain functions, hormonal control, and how these systems help organisms survive and adapt.
II. Key Concepts Covered
1. Control and Coordination
- Process by which organisms respond to stimuli.
- Maintains balance and proper functioning.
2. Nervous System in Animals
- Composed of:
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Nerves
- Responsible for quick responses.
3. Neuron (Nerve Cell)
- Basic unit of nervous system.
- Parts:
- Dendrite
- Cell body
- Axon
4. Reflex Action
- Immediate, automatic response.
- Controlled by spinal cord.
- Example: withdrawing hand from hot object.
5. Human Brain
- Forebrain → thinking, memory
- Midbrain → vision, hearing reflexes
- Hindbrain → balance, posture
6. Endocrine System
- Glands release hormones into bloodstream.
- Slow but long-lasting response.
7. Major Hormones
- Insulin → controls blood sugar
- Thyroxine → regulates metabolism
- Adrenaline → emergency hormone
8. Coordination in Plants
- Plants respond to stimuli like light, gravity.
- Controlled by plant hormones.
9. Plant Hormones
- Auxin → growth
- Gibberellin → stem elongation
- Cytokinin → cell division
- Abscisic acid → inhibits growth
III. Important Questions
(A) MCQs (1 Mark)
- Which part of brain controls thinking?
- (a) Hindbrain
- (b) Forebrain ✅
- (c) Midbrain
- (d) Spinal cord
- Reflex action is controlled by:
- (a) Brain
- (b) Spinal cord ✅
- (c) Neuron
- (d) Hormones
- Which hormone regulates blood sugar?
- (a) Thyroxine
- (b) Adrenaline
- (c) Insulin ✅
- (d) Estrogen
- Auxin helps in:
- (a) Inhibiting growth
- (b) Cell division
- (c) Growth of plant ✅
- (d) Reproduction
(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks)
- What is reflex action? Give one example. (CBSE 2020)
- Explain the role of neurons in coordination. (CBSE 2019)
- Differentiate between nervous and hormonal control. (CBSE 2022)
- Name any two plant hormones and their functions. (CBSE 2021)
(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)
- Describe the structure and function of human brain. (CBSE 2020)
- Explain reflex arc with diagram. (CBSE 2019)
- Describe the endocrine system and role of hormones. (CBSE 2022)
- Explain how plants respond to stimuli. (CBSE 2021)
(D) HOTS Questions
- Why do athletes have faster reflex actions compared to normal individuals?
- How would a plant behave if auxin is not produced in its tip?
IV. Key Formulas / Concepts
- Reflex Arc Pathway:
Stimulus → Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Effector - Difference Concept:
- Nervous System → Fast, short-lived
- Hormonal System → Slow, long-lasting
V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026)
- Detailed structure of neuron (ultra-structure level)
- Some detailed plant hormone mechanisms
(As per rationalized NCERT content from ncert.nic.in)
VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026)
| Unit/Chapter | Estimated Marks | Type of Questions Typically Asked |
|---|---|---|
| Control and Coordination | 6–8 Marks | MCQs, Short Answer, Diagram-based, Case-based |
Note: This is an estimate; actual marks may vary.
VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
1 Mark
- What is a reflex action? (2019)
2/3 Marks
- Difference between hormones and nerves (2020)
- Function of pancreas (2021)
5 Marks
- Explain reflex arc (2018)
- Structure of brain (2022)
VIII. Real-World Applications
- Reflex action helps prevent injuries.
- Insulin regulates diabetes.
- Adrenaline prepares body for emergencies.
- Plant growth toward light (phototropism).
IX. Student Tips & Strategies
Time Management
- Study 1–2 hours daily.
- Focus on diagrams and definitions.
Exam Preparation
- Practice diagrams (brain, neuron).
- Solve PYQs regularly.
Stress Management
- Take short breaks.
- Practice meditation or light exercise.
X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class 10)
Streams After Class 10
Science Stream
- Careers: Doctor, Engineer, Biotechnologist
- Exams: NEET, JEE
Commerce Stream
- Careers: CA, Business Analyst
- Exams: CA Foundation
Arts Stream
- Careers: Lawyer, Civil Services
- Exams: UPSC (later stage)
XI. Important Notes
- Always refer to NCERT textbook.
- Practice diagrams regularly.
- Revise concepts weekly.
- Focus on understanding, not memorization.
- Check official updates on CBSE website.