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Class 9 → Mathematics → Chapter 3: Coordinate Geometry
I. Chapter Summary
The chapter Coordinate Geometry introduces a system that helps locate points on a plane using numbers. This system, known as the Cartesian coordinate system, was developed by René Descartes. Students learn about axes, origin, quadrants, and how to represent points using ordered pairs (x, y). This chapter builds a strong foundation for higher mathematics and real-life applications such as maps, graphs, and navigation systems.
II. Key Concepts Covered
1. Cartesian Plane
A flat surface formed by two perpendicular lines:
- Horizontal line → x-axis
- Vertical line → y-axis
2. Origin
The point where both axes intersect → (0, 0)
3. Axes
- x-axis: Horizontal
- y-axis: Vertical
4. Quadrants
The plane is divided into 4 parts:
- Quadrant I → (+, +)
- Quadrant II → (–, +)
- Quadrant III → (–, –)
- Quadrant IV → (+, –)
5. Coordinates of a Point
Represented as (x, y)
- x → abscissa
- y → ordinate
6. Plotting Points
Points are located using horizontal and vertical distances from origin.
III. Important Questions
(A) MCQs (1 Mark)
- The coordinates of origin are:
(a) (1,1) (b) (0,0) (c) (–1,0) (d) (0,1)
Answer: (b) - A point (–3, 4) lies in:
(a) I quadrant (b) II quadrant (c) III quadrant (d) IV quadrant
Answer: (b) - The x-coordinate is also called:
(a) Ordinate (b) Abscissa (c) Axis (d) Origin
Answer: (b) - The y-axis is:
(a) Horizontal (b) Vertical (c) Diagonal (d) Circular
Answer: (b)
(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks)
- Write coordinates of a point on x-axis. (CBSE 2020)
- In which quadrant does point (–5, –6) lie?
- Plot the points (2,3), (–2,3), (–2,–3), (2,–3) and identify quadrants.
- Define abscissa and ordinate with example.
(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)
- Draw a Cartesian plane and plot at least 5 points in different quadrants. (CBSE 2019)
- Explain quadrants with diagram and sign conventions.
- Plot given points and find which lie on axes.
- Describe coordinate system and its importance in mathematics.
(D) HOTS Questions
- Can a point lie in two quadrants at the same time? Justify.
- If x-coordinate is zero, where does the point lie? Explain logically.
IV. Key Formulas / Concepts
- Coordinate of point:
(x, y) - Origin:
(0, 0) - Points on axes:
- x-axis → (x, 0)
- y-axis → (0, y)
- Quadrant signs:
- I → (+, +)
- II → (–, +)
- III → (–, –)
- IV → (+, –)
Example:
Point (3, –2) lies in IV quadrant.
V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026)
No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.
VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026)
| Unit/Chapter | Estimated Marks | Type of Questions Typically Asked |
|---|---|---|
| Coordinate Geometry | 6–8 marks | MCQs, plotting questions, case-based questions |
Note: This is an estimate. Actual marks may vary.
VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs)
1 Mark
- Identify quadrant of given point (CBSE 2021)
2/3 Marks
- Plot points and identify quadrants (CBSE 2020)
- Define coordinate system (CBSE 2019)
5 Marks
- Draw graph and plot points (CBSE 2018)
- Explain quadrants with diagram (CBSE 2022)
VIII. Real-World Application Examples
- Used in maps and navigation systems
- Helps in GPS tracking
- Used in computer graphics and gaming
- Important in architecture and design
IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success
Time Management
- Practice plotting daily for accuracy
- Revise quadrant signs regularly
Exam Preparation
- Draw neat diagrams
- Label axes clearly
Stress Management
- Practice step-by-step
- Avoid confusion in signs
X. Career Guidance & Exploration (Class 9 Level)
Streams After Class 10:
- Science → Engineering, Architecture, Data Science
- Commerce → Business Analytics
- Arts → Geography, Mapping
Entrance Exams (Basic Awareness):
- JEE
- NATA
- CUET
XI. Important Notes
- Practice graphs regularly
- Maintain neat presentation
- Learn quadrant signs carefully
- Always refer NCERT textbook
- Focus on conceptual clarity